Rock art sample export permit application to carry out analyses

This project aims to investigate the pigments used in rock art within the Western Cape, South Africa, focusing on two sites in the De Hoek Reserve. Despite extensive study of Southern African rock art, gaps remain in understanding the age and composition of the pigments, limiting insights into past social dynamics and territorial movements. By analyzing the pigments and binders used in these paintings, the project seeks to explore how past communities utilized these artworks to negotiate social identities, engage in ritual practices, and communicate with their environment. Specifically, the study will examine pigment variability in hand imprints and fine line art from the Kaingo Valley, and analyze the geochemistry of pigments to identify connections between rock art and ochre deposits found at the nearby Boomplaas Cave. The methodology includes non-destructive analyses such as Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy, as well as destructive ones such as gas chromatography and laser ablation with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results will contribute to understanding territorial dynamics, mobility, and cultural practices of Late Holocene populations, with implications for expanding research into hunter-gatherer behaviors and the evolution of social networks in Southern Africa. Sampling permits will be completed with temporary export permits.