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The Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902 was a significant conflict in the recent history of South Africa, but the military geography of this conflict has not been subject to systematic analysis. This chapter explores the relationship between the strategies of military engagement during this conflict and the nature of the physical landscape in which these engagements took place. An overview of the broad types of geomorphological and geological settings for some 43 major engagements of the conflict is followed by a detailed case study of the landscape contexts of engagements around Colenso (former province of Natal). The relatively limited degree of post-conflict land use and geomorphological change in these parts of South Africa also renders many of these Battlefield sites readily appreciated in the landscape and is reflected in an increasing interest in battlefield heritage Tourism.